Dr. Lori Todd Publications

Todd, LA: “Direct-Reading Instrumental Methods for Gases, Vapors, and Aerosols,” in The Occupational Environment – Its Evaluation and Control. Edited by S DiNardi. AIHA, Fairfax, VA. (2011)

Todd, LA: “Computed Tomography in Industrial Hygiene,” in Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc (2010)

Todd, LA: Direct-Reading Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Occupational and Environmental Air Monitoring. Air Sampling Technologies. A Monograph of the ACGIH Air Sampling Instruments Committee Publication #ASI12. (2008).

Todd, LA: “Computed Tomography in Industrial Hygiene,” in Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc (2008)

Todd, LA, Sitthichok, TP, Mottus, K, Mihlan, G, Wing, S, ”Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand”, Annals of Occupational Hygiene. March (2008).

Todd, LA, Mottus, K, Mihlan, “A survey of airborne and skin exposures to chemicals in footwear and equipment factories in Thailand”, J Occup. Environ Hyg. March 5(3):169-81. (2008)

Aneja, V.P., S.P. Arya, D.S. Kim, I.C. Rumsey, H.L. Arkinson, H. Semunegus, K. Bajwa, D. Dickey, L.S. Stefanski, L. Todd, K. Mottus, W.P. Robarge and C.M. Williams, “Characterizing Ammonia Emissions from Swine Farms in Eastern North Carolina: Part 1- Conventional Lagoon and Spray Technology for Waste Treatment”, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 1130-1144. (2008)

Aneja, V.P., S.P. Arya, I.C. Rumsey, D.S. Kim, K. Bajwa, H.L. Arkinson, H. Semunegus, D. Dickey, L.S. Stefanski, L. Todd, K. Mottus, W.P. Robarge, and C.M. Williams, “Characterizing Ammonia Emissions from Swine Farms in Eastern North Carolina: Part 2- Potential Environmentally Superior Technologies for Waste Treatment”, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 1145-1157. (2008)

Verkruysse, W, LA Todd: Novel Algorithm for Tomographic Reconstruction of Atmospheric Chemicals With Sparse Sampling. Environmental Science and Technology. 39 (7): 2247-2254. (2005)

Verkruysse, W, LA Todd: Improved Method (“Grid Translation”) For Mapping Environmental Pollutants Using a Two-Dimensional CAT Scanning System. Atmospheric Environment. 38 (12): 1801-1809. (2004)

Todd, LA: “Direct-Reading Instrumental Methods for Gases, Vapors, and Aerosols,” in The Occupational Environment – Its Evaluation and Control. Edited by S DiNardi. AIHA, Fairfax, VA. (2003)

Ross, K, LA Todd: Field Evaluation of a Transportable Open-Path FTIR Spectrometer for Real-Time Air Monitoring. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 17(2): 131-143. (2002)

Todd, LA: Direct-Reading Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Occupational and Environmental Air Monitoring. In Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants. 9th Edition, 2001. ACGIH. 703- 722. (2001)

Schultz, MR, I Hertz-Picciotto, L Todd, LM Ball: Reconciling Animal and Human Data in a Cancer Risk Assessment of Acrylonitrile. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health. 27(1):14-20. (2001)

Todd, LA, M Ramanathan, K Mottus, R Katz, A Dodson, G Mihlan: Measuring Chemical Emissions Using Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectroscopy and Computer-assisted Tomography. Atmospheric Environment. 35:1937-1947. (2001)

Todd, LA, SK Farhat, KM Mottus, GJ Mihlan: Experimental Evaluation of an Environmental CAT Scanning System for Mapping Chemicals in Air in Realtime. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 16(1): 45-55 (2001)

Farhat, SK, LA Todd: Evaluation of open-path FTIR spectrometers for monitoring multiple chemicals in air. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 15(12), 911-923 (2000)

Samanta, A, LA Todd: Mapping Chemicals in Air Using an Environmental CAT Scanning System: Evaluation of Algorithms. Atmos. Environ. 34(5): 699-709 (2000)

Mihlan GJ, LA Todd, KN Truong: Assessment of Occupational Exposure Patterns by Frequency-domain Analysis of Time Series Data. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 15(1): 120-30 (2000)

Cole, D, LA Todd, S Wing: Concentrated Swine Feeding Operations and Public Health: A Review of Occupational and Community Health Effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 108(8): 685-699. (2000)

Todd, LA: “Computed Tomography in Industrial Hygiene,” in Patty’s Industrial Hygiene, Fifth Edition, Volume 1. Edited by R. Harris. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp.411-446 (2000)

Todd, LA: Mapping the Air in Real-Time to Visualize the Flow of Gases and Vapors: Occupational and Environmental Applications. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 15 (1): 106-113. (2000)

Piper, A, L Todd, K Mottus: A Field Study Using Open-Path FTIR Spectroscopy. Chemistry and Technology. 3(2):69-79 (1999)

Todd, LA: Environmental CAT Scanning Helps to Map Pollutants. Optoelectrics World. September. (1999)

Todd, LA: “Evaluation of the Work Environment,” in the Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. ILO, Geneva, Fourth Edition (1998)

Aneja, V.P., L. Harper, R. McCulloch, M. Paerl, W. Robarge, W. Showers, and L. Todd, “Emission, Transport, Transformation, and Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds in North Carolina,” International Nitrogen Conference, the Confer- N-s, Noordwykerhout, The Netherlands, March 23-27, 1998.

Todd, LA, MG Yost, RA Hashmonay: “Trends and Future Applications of Optical Remote Sensing and Computed Tomography to Map Air Contaminants.” Proceedings of SPIE Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies Conference, Boston. 399-404. (1998)

Todd, LA: “Direct-Reading Instrumental Methods for Gases, Vapors, and Aerosols,” in The Occupational Environment – Its Evaluation and Control. Edited by Sal DiNardi. AIHA, Fairfax, VA. (1997)

Bhattacharyya, R, LA Todd: Spatial and Temporal Visualization of Gases and Vapors in Air Using Computed Tomography : Numerical Studies. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 41 (1):105-122 (1997)

Todd, LA, R Bhattacharyya: Tomographic Reconstruction of Air Pollutants: Evaluation of Measurement Geometries. Applied Optics. 36 (30):7678- 7688 (1997)

Samanta, A, LA Todd: Mapping Air Toxics Indoors using a Prototype Computed Tomography System. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 40 (6):675-691 (1996)

Todd, LA: Evaluation of an Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectrophotometer Using an Exposure Chamber. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 11:1327-1334 (1996)

Todd, LA, G Ramachandran: Evaluation of an Infrared Open-Path Spectrophotometer Using an Exposure Chamber and a Calibration Cell. Amer. Indust. Hyg. Assoc. J. 56:151-157 (1995)

Todd, LA, G Ramachandran: Evaluation of Optical Source-Detector Configurations for Tomographic Reconstruction of Concentrations in Indoor Air. Amer. Indust. Hyg. Assoc. J., 55 (12):1133-1143 (1994)

Todd, LA, G Ramachandran: Evaluation of Algorithms for Tomographic Reconstruction of Chemicals in Indoor Air. Amer. Indust. Hyg. Assoc. J. 55(5):403-417 (1994)

Mukoda, TK, LA Todd, M. Sobsey: PCR and Gene Probes for Detecting Bioaerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 25(8):1523-1532 (1994)

Ramachandran, G, D Leith, LA Todd: Extraction of Spatial Aerosol Distributions From Multispectral Light Extinction Measurements Using Computed Tomography. J. Optical Society of America. 11(1):144-154 (1994)

Bhattacharyya, R, LA Todd: Two-dimensional Mapping of Air Contaminant Movement Using an FTIR/Computer Tomography System. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. SPIE2365:170-176 (1994)

Samanta, A, LA Todd: Mapping Chemical Concentrations Indoors Using Open Path FTIR Spectroscopy and Computed Tomography: Chamber Studies. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. SPIE2365:187-194 (1994)

Cone AL, SK Farhat, L Todd: Development of QA/QC Performance Standards for Field Use of Open Path FTIR Spectrometers. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. SPIE2365:334-338 (1994)

Todd, LA: Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Systems for Workplace Exposure Assessments. Proceedings Optical Remote Sensing Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems. AWMA. SP81:56-360 (1992)

Todd, LA: Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Beam Geometries for Monitoring Workplace Gases and Vapors. Proceedings Optical Remote Sensing Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems. AWMA. SP81:390-393 (1992)

Collins, JD, LA Todd: Evaluation of Infrared Optical Remote Sensing Equipment in an Exposure Chamber. Proceedings Optical Remote Sensing Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems. AWMA. SP81:351-355 (1992)

Todd, LA, D Leith: Remote Sensing and Computed Tomography in Industrial Hygiene. American Industrial Hygiene Assoc. J. 51:224-233 (1990)

Todd, LA, S Bloom: Differential Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Indirect- Acting Mutagen-Carcinogens at Early and Late Stages of Embryonic Development. Environmental Mutagenesis. 2:435-445 (1980)

Presentations
Presentation: SPIE Defense and Security: Imaging Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer For 3D Cloud Profiling. Dupuis, J, Mansur, D, Engel, J, Vaillancourt, R, Todd, L, Mottus, .K. Orlando, Florida, April (2009)

Invited Presentation. Environmental CAT Scanning. L. Todd, K. Mottus. Special Symposium: Advances in Open-Path Atmospheric Monitoring. Pittcon, 2007. Chicago, Illinois, March, 2007. Phase I Technology OPEN Report. Ammonia Emissions from Potential Environmentally Superior Technologies for Swine Facilities NCSU. June, 2004.

Evaluation of Chemical and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear Factories in Thailand. L. Todd. Nike Corporation. June, 2004. Assessment of Glutaraldehyde in a Large Hospital. K. Pickett, L. Todd, K. Jones, T. Winkler, C. Bishop and J. Archer. AIHCE. Atlanta, GA. May, 2004

Aneja, V.P., D.S. Kim, S.P. Arya, W. Robarge, P. Westerman, M. Williams, D. Dickey, H. Arkinson, H. Semunegus, J. Blunden, M. Sobsey, L. Todd, G. Ko, W. Verkruysse, K. Mottus, C. Likirdopulos, O. Simmons, S. Schiffman, and B. Graham, An Intergraded Study of the Emissions of Ammonia, Odor and Odorants, and Pathogens and Related Contaminants from Potential Environmentally Superior Technologies for Swine Facilities: Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Gaseous and Odous Emissions from Animal Production Facilities”. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Denmark, June 1-4, 2003.

3M Corporation. Presentation. “Do Industrial Hygienists Make Great Leaders.” AIHCE Conference. San Diego, CA. June, 2002.

3D Imaging of Chemicals in Air Using A 3D CT-TDLAS System. Todd, L, RA Hashmonay. 94th AWMA Annual Conference and Exhibition. Orlando, Florida. 2001.

Measuring Chemical Emissions Using Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectroscopy And Computer Assisted Tomography. Todd, LA, M Ramanathan, K Mottus, R Katz, A Dodson, G Mihlan. 94th AWMA Annual Conference and Exhibition. Orlando, Florida. 2001.

Field Evaluation of a Transportable Open-Path FTIR Spectrometer for Real-Time Air Monitoring. Ross, K., LA Todd. AIHCE, Orlando, Florida. 2000.

Keynote speaker: Indoor air quality and measuring volatile organic chemicals. Occupational and Safety and Health Conference, Bangkok, July, 2000.

Mapping the Air in Real-time to Visualize the Flow of Gases and Vapors: Chamber Validation Studies. Todd, L., K Mottus, G Mihlan. AIHCE, Orlando, Florida. 2000. Todd LA, Ramanathan, M, and Mottus, K. Measuring Chemical Emissions Using Environmental CAT Scanning. Workshop on Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds II: Emissions, Transport, Transformation, Deposition and Assessment. June 7-9., Chapel Hill, NC. 1999.

Assessment of ELF Magnetic Field exposure Patterns by Frequency-Domain Analysis of Exposure Time Series. G Mihlan, L Todd, KN Truong. AIHCE. Atlanta , Georgia. 1998.

Trends and Future Applications of Optical Remote Sensing and Computed Tomography to Map Air Contaminants. L Todd, M Jacobs, M Yost, R Hashmonay. Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies. Photonics East Conference. International Society for Optical Engineering. Nov. 1998.

Chamber Validation of a Localized Open-Path FTIR Spectrometer. A Dodson and L Todd. ACGIH’s 1998 Applied Workshop on Occupational and Environmental Exposure Assessment. Chapel Hill, NC. Feb., 1998.

Mapping the Air in Real-Time to Visualize the Flow of Gases and Vapors: Occupational and Environmental Applications. L Todd. ACGIH’s 1998 Applied Workshop on Occupational and Environmental Exposure Assessment. Chapel Hill, NC. Feb., 1998.

CAT Scanning the Air to Map Chemicals. S Farhat, L Todd. AIHCE Conference, Dallas, Texas. May, 1997. The Use of Open-Path FTIR Spectroscopy to Monitor and Map Ammonia in Real-Time. L Todd. Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds: Emissions, Transport, Transformation, Deposition, and Assessment. NCSU, Raleigh, NC, March, 1997.

CAT Scanning the Air to Map Concentrations, LA Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. Dallas, Texas, Nov. 1996.

CAT Scanning the Air to Map Concentrations, A Samanta, LA Todd. AIHCE Conference, May, 1996.

Evaluation of Open-Path FTIR Spectrometers for Monitoring Multiple Chemicals in Air. S Farhat, L Todd. AIHCE Conference, May, 1996.

Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry Short Course, UNC-CH, Invited Speaker: CAT Scanning the Air for Pollutants, Chapel Hill, NC, 1996.

Employee Risk Control Dept., NC Office of State Personnel, Invited Speaker. Raleigh, NC, February, 1996.

American Industrial Hygiene Association, Carolinas Section, Invited Speaker. Industrial Hygiene CAT Scans, Charleston, SC, October, 1995.

National Academy of Engineering, First Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering, Invited Participant, Irvine California, Sept., 1995.

Technical Issues Associated with Innovative Technology-FTIR Computer Aided Tomography. Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, Invited Speaker, Europto Series. Munich, Germany, June, 1995.

A Feasibility Study For the Detection Of Airborne Legionella Pneumophila Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. T. Mukoda, LA Todd, M. Sobsey., American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference. (AIHCE) Kansas City, May, 1995.

Computed Tomography for Environmental Air Monitoring, Invited Speaker, NIST. Maryland, January, 1995.

Industrial Open-Path FTIR: Applications, Needs and Future Directions. Invited Speaker. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. McLean Va., Nov., 1994.

Two-dimensional Mapping of Air Contaminant Movement Using an FTIR Computer Tomography System, R Bhattacharyya, LA Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. McLean Va., Nov., 1994.

Mapping Chemical Concentrations Indoors Using Open Path FTIR Spectroscopy and Computed Tomography: Chamber Studies, . Samanta, LA Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. McLean Va., Nov. 1994.

Development of QA/QC Performance Standards for Field Use of Open Path FTIR Spectrometers, L Cone, L Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. McLean Va., Nov. 1994.

Evaluating Open-Path FTIR Spectrometer Data Using Background Spectra Obtained Under Varying Environmental Conditions, MS Tomasko, LA Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring. McLean Va., Nov. 1994.

Evaluating Open-Path FTIR Spectrometer Data Using Background Spectra Obtained Under Varying Environmental Conditions, MS Tomasko, LA Todd. American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference (AIHCE). Anaheim, May, 1994.

Multiple Open-Path FTIR Measurements to Map Pollutant Dispersion in Indoor and Outdoor Air, LA Todd. International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental Monitoring. Atlanta, October, 1993.

Evaluation of an Optical Remote Sensing Device in an Exposure Chamber, LA Todd. American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference (AIHCE). Boston, June, 1992. Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Beam Systems for Monitoring Workplace Gases and Vapors. LA Todd. American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference (AIHCE). Boston, June, 1992.

Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Systems for Exposure Assessment in the Workplace. LA Todd. American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference (AIHCE). Boston, June, 1992.

Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Beam Systems for Monitoring Workplace Gases and Vapors, LA Todd. American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference (AIHCE). Boston, June, 1992.

Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Beam Geometries for Monitoring Workplace Gases and Vapors. LA Todd. First International Specialty Conference on Optical Remote Sensing and Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems. Houston, April, 1992.

Optical Remote Sensing/Computed Tomography Systems for Workplace Exposure Assessments. LA Todd. First International Specialty Conference on Optical Remote Sensing and Applications to Environmental and Industrial Safety Problems. Houston, April, 1992.

Non-Traditional Industrial Hygiene Air Sampling Techniques, LA Todd. UNC/Furniture Industry Conference. Chapel Hill, N.C. September, 1992.

Optical Remote Sensing and Computed Tomography for Measuring the Spatial Resolution of Pollutant Concentrations. Invited Speaker. Triangle Conference 90, Chapel Hill, Feb. 1990.

Classes
Co-taught Professional Development Course: Hands-on Introduction to Gas Analyses with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry. 17th Annual PCIH. AIHA. Cincinnati, Ohio. September, 2002.

Public Health Developed, coordinated, and presented a five-day CIH certification review course for masters students, IH professionals, industry representatives and professors in Bangkok, Thailand. This course was developed for Kenan Asia and Mahidol University. Representatives from industry and private consulting were brought from the US to co-teach this course. Bangkok, Thailand. March- May, 2001.

Developed and delivered a one-day course for factory managers in Thailand on Occupational Health and Safety in Footwear, Apparel and Toy Factories. Bangkok, Thailand. May, 2001.

Designed and co-taught a one-day hands on Professional Development Course on FTIR spectroscopy at the AICHE. “Hands on Introduction to Gas Analyses with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry.” 2000.

Taught a class on real-time air sampling methods to industrial hygiene Masters students at Mahidol University in Bangkok Thailand. July, 2000. Used a team of three American and eleven Thai students from Mahidol University to study health effects and exposures to chemicals in footwear factories in Thailand. The team was 90% women. Over 1500 women and men were interviewed in Thailand and students developed hands on skills in administering and evaluating health questionnaires and performing air sampling.

Worked with 3M Corporation and NIOSH on creating a NIOSH approved sampling method for FTIR Spectrometers. Cincinnati, Ohio. Session Arranger and Chair for the Applied Workshop: Occupational and Environmental Assessment, Chapel Hill, NC. ACGIH.

Chair: Remote Air Sensing Based on Lidar and Tomography. Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies. Photonics East Conference. SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering. Certification of Appreciation for contributions to advancing the science and understanding of Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds. Emissions, Transport, Transformation, Deposition and assessment, Raleigh, NC. NCDEHN, NC State, Water Resources Institute.

Member of UNC Institutional Review Board on Research Involving Human Subjects. Invited participant in the National Academy of Engineering’s First Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Irvine, California. 1995.

Participant Task Group for United States National Working Group for the International Organization of Legal Metrology for “Instruments for Measurement of Pollutants.” 1994-1995.

Technical Program Committee Member, International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring, Va. Session Arranger and Chair, round-table on Indoor Air Chemical Measurement Methods, American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference. Member Ad Hoc Committee on Total Human Exposure, AIHA, 1994.

Session Chair and Technical Program Committee Member, International Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, Atlanta, October, 1993.

Memberships
Member Gas and Vapor Detection Committee, AIHA.
Consultant Air Sampling Instruments Committee, ACGIH.
Peer Reviewer for American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.
Peer Reviewer for Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.
Peer Reviewer for Journal of Aerosol Science.
NIH Grant Study Section Reviewer for SBIR Grants.
Michigan Industrial Hygiene Society Award for Outstanding Paper published in the
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 1990.
American Industrial Hygiene Foundation Grant, 1986.
Board of Governors Scholarship, The University of North Carolina, 1985-1988.
NIH Training Grant in Environmental Toxicology, 1979-1980.
Member American Industrial Hygiene Association.
Member American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Member Air and Waste Management Association.
Instructor for the Occupational Safety and Health Educational Resource Center, and
NC Occupational Safety and Health Project. 1992-1999.
Instructor for the Occupational Health Nurses: Certification Course. 1992- 2007.

A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand
An industrial hygiene study was performed at four Nike footwear factories and two Nike equipment factories in Thailand. Workers in these factories were exposed through inhalation and dermal contact to a large number of organic vapors from solvents and cements that were hand applied. In addition, these workers were exposed to highly toxic isocyanates primarily through the dermal route. Up to 100% of the workers were overexposed to mixtures of chemicals. Personal protective equipment and engineering controls were inadequate in all of the factories. Read the article

Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand
A health study was performed at four Nike footwear and one Nike equipment factory in Thailand to evaluate chemical- and ergonomic-related symptoms in Thai factory workers and to investigate associations between these symptoms and exposures to organic solvents, isocyanates and ergonomic risks. Without exception, workers reported many more symptoms after being hired. Adverse health effects are associated with occupational exposures to both chemicals and ergonomic hazards. Read the article